Yes, an artificial intelligence can be programmed to have certain characteristics and beliefs.
For example, in a 2008 Turing test experiment one of the machines, Brother Jerome, was programmed to act like a religious entity – it didn’t have much knowledge, it was a new system, so it didn’t do very well.
Another machine, Eugene Goostman, on the other hand has been developed to imitate a Ukrainian young teenager from Odessa who can speak in English. Eugene Goostman has interests, it has beliefs because it has been programmed to have a personality on top of its knowledge-base of being able to talk in English.
You can read Eugene Goostman’s answers to questions by human interrogators from one of the experiments I designed, this one around the 18th Loebner Prize for AI that I organised as part of my PhD at Reading University. From the link below you will see a table on that webpage, select the right hand column which says Transcript – select the Transcript for Eugene Goostman, second row in the table: http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/2008_Contest/loebner-prize-2008.html
From reading the transcripts you will see Eugene Goostman sometimes is better than the human at describing its ‘beliefs’ – those programmed by its designers led by scientist Dr Vladimir Veselov (for whom AI building is a hobby, his real job is as a software engineer with Amazon in the US).
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